Amid the ongoing liberalization of state recreational marijuana laws (RMLs), the National Institutes of Health has expressed concern that expanded marijuana access may elevate the prevalence of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders across the United States. This study presents one of the first causal estimates of the impact of RMLs on the incidence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder treatment intakes. Leveraging a generalized difference-in-differences framework to exploit the staggered rollout of RMLs, I first document that the passage of RMLs with recreational dispensaries generates a 20% increase in the rate of prior-month marijuana use in treated states relative to controls. Next, I show that RML adoption with dispensaries leads to a 12% increase in the incidence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder intakes at state-sponsored mental health facilities nationwide.

A near majority of states have now passed recreational marijuana laws (RMLs), but their impact on labor market behavior remains unclear. This study provides new causal evidence on the relationship between RMLs and workplace absence. Leveraging a generalized difference-in-differences framework to exploit the staggered rollout of RMLs, I first document that state adoption of RMLs with recreational dispensaries generates a 50% increase in the rate of prior-month adult marijuana use in treated states relative to control states. Next, I show that RML adoption with dispensaries leads to a 9% increase in the incidence of prior-week workplace absence. Supplemental analyses of health outcomes support a mechanism consistent with these findings, revealing increases in self-reported physical and mental health problems and declines in general health and exercise following legalization. These findings suggest that marijuana legalization may affect labor market outcomes along margins not typically captured by employment status alone.

As more states adopt recreational marijuana laws (RMLs), concerns remain about how expanded cannabis access may affect child welfare. This study presents new causal evidence on the relationship between RMLs and substantiated cases of child maltreatment. Leveraging a generalized difference- in-differences framework that exploits the staggered rollout of RMLs across states, I first show that legalization accompanied by recreational dispensary openings increases the rate of adult marijuana use in treated states relative to control states. I then find that RML adoption with dispensary access leads to an increase of approximately two cases of substantiated child maltreatment per 1,000 children. Supplementary evidence from time-use data suggests that reductions in parental caregiving time may help explain this pattern. These findings suggest that increased child maltreatment among families exposed to expanded cannabis access may be an unintended consequence of marijuana legalization.